Robots in the Early Childhood Education: learning to sequence actions using programmable robots
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.24.1.27508Keywords:
robotics, programming, learning, critical thinking, early childhood educationAbstract
The increase and technological advance that society is currently experiencing is driving the development of educational initiatives that integrate teaching-learning activities to foster digital skills associated with programming and computational thinking such as movement sequencing. In this paper, we show some of the results that were obtained with the realization of a learning experience on computational thinking oriented to children in early education. The activities included programming challenges using the Bee-Bot® robot. The study included pre-test/post-test evaluations using a control group. The sample of participants was 40 students from an educational centre, located in Salamanca, Spain. The activities were developed in the academic year 2018-2019. The collection of data on the mastery reached by the students, in the developed evaluations, was carried out using an evaluation rubric. The collected data allowed us to know the existence of significant differences in the capacity of the sequencing of actions in favour of the students who participated in the learning activities with robots. On the other hand, it was possible to affirm that no differences were found associated with the sex of the participants in relation to the programming and construction of sequences.
FULL ARTICLE:
https://revistas.uned.es/index.php/ried/article/view/27508/22031
Downloads
References
Angeli, C., Voogt, J., Fluck, A., Webb, M., Cox, M., Malyn-Smith, J., y Zagami, J. (2016). A K-6 computational thinking curriculum framework: Implications for teacher knowledge. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 19(3). www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.19.3.47
Berrocoso, J., Sánchez, M., y Arroyo, M. (2015). El pensamiento computacional y las nuevas ecologías del aprendizaje. Red, 46, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.6018/red/46/3
Bers, M. U. (2008). Blocks, robots and computers: Learning about technology in early childhood. New York: Teacher’s College Press.
Bers, M. U. (2010). The TangibleK Robotics program: Applied computational thinking for Young children. Early Childhood Research & Practice, 12(2). https://bit.ly/2RZ3B11
Bers, M. U. (2012). Designing Digital Experiences for Positive Youth Development: From Playpen to Playground. Oxford: University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199757022.001.0001
Bers, M. U. (2017). The Seymour test: Powerful ideas in early childhood education. International Journal of Child - Computer Interaction, 14, 10-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2017.06.004
Bers, M. U. (2018). Coding and Computational Thinking in Early Childhood: The Impact of Scratch Jr in Europe. European Journal of STEM Education, 3(3), 08. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/3868
Bers, M. U., Flannery, L., Kazakoff, E. R., y Sullivan, A. (2014). Computational thinking and tinke-ring: Exploration of an early childhood robotics curriculum. Computers & Education, 72, 145-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.10.020
Brennan, K., y Resnick, M. (2012). New frameworks for studying and assessing the development of computational thinking. In Proceedings of the 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA) (pp. 1-25), Vancouver, Canada.
Bruni, F., y Nisdeo, M. (2017). Educational robots and children’s imagery: A preliminary investigation in the first year of primary school. Research on Education and Media, 9(1), 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1515/rem-2017-0007
Caballero-González, Y. A., y García-Valcárcel, A. (2019). Fortaleciendo habilidades de pensamiento computacional en Educación Infantil: Experiencia de aprendizaje mediante interfaces tangible y gráfica. Revista Latinoamericana de Tecnología Educativa-RELATEC, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.17398/1695-288X.18.2.133
Campbell, D., y Stanley, J. (1993). Diseños experimentales y cuasiexperimentales en la investigación social. Amorrortu.
Cejka, E., Rogers, C., y Portsmore, M. (2006). Kindergarten robotics: Using Robotics to motivate math, science, and engineering literacy in elementary school. International Journal of Engineering Education, 22(4), 711-722.
Chalmers, C. (2018). International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction Robotics and computational thinking in primary school. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 17, 93-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2018.06.005
Cheng, Y. W., Sun, P. C., y Chen, N. S. (2018). The essential applications of educational robot: Requirement analysis from the perspectives of experts, researchers and instructors. Computers & education, 126, 399-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.07.020
Di Lieto, M. C., Inguaggiato, E., Castro, E., Cecchi, F., Cioni, G., Dell’Omo, M., ... y Dario, P. (2017). Educational Robotics intervention on Executive Functions in preschool children: A pilot study. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.018
Elkin, M., Sullivan, A., y Bers, M. U. (2016). Programming with the KIBO robotics kit in preschool classrooms. Computers in the Schools, 33(3), 169-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380569.2016.1216251
Fridin, M. (2014). Storytelling by a kindergarten social assistive robot: A tool for constructive learning in preschool education. Computers & education, 70, 53-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.07.043
García-Peñalvo, F. J., Rees, A. M., Hughes, J., Jormanainen, I., Toivonen, T., y Vermeersch, J. (2016). A survey of resources for introducing coding into schools. Proceedings of the Fourth Inter-national Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality, TEEM’16. (pp.19-26). Salamanca, Spain, November 2-4, 2016. New York: ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3012430.3012491
García-Peñalvo, F. J., y Mendes, A. J. (2018). Exploring the computational thinking effects in pre-university education. Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 407-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.12.005
García-Valcárcel, A., y Hernández, A. (2013). Recursos tecnológicos para la enseñanza e innovación educativa. Editorial Síntesis
Goodgame, C. (2018). Beebots and Tiny Tots. In E. Langran, y J. Borup (Eds.), Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (1179-1183). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
González-González, C. S. (2019). Estrategias para la enseñanza del pensamiento computacional y uso efectivo de tecnologías en educación infantil: una propuesta inclusiva. RIITE. Revista Interuniversitaria de Investigación en Tecnología Educativa, 7, 85-97. https://doi.org/10.6018/riite.405171
González-González, C. S. (2019). State of the art in the teaching of computational thinking and pro-gramming in childhood education. Education in the Knowledge Society, 20, 17. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks2019_20_a17
González-Martínez, J., Estebanell-Minguell, M., y Peracaula-Bosch, M. (2018). ¿Robots o programación? El concepto de Pensamiento Computacional y los futuros maestros. Education in the Knowledge Society (EKS). https://doi.org/10.14201/eks20181922945
González, Y. A. C., y García-Valcárcel, A. (2017, November). Educational robotics for the formation of programming skills and computational thinking in childish. In 2017 International Symposium on Computers in Education (SIIE) (pp. 1-5). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIE.2017.8259652
González, Y. A. C., y García-Valcárcel, A. (2018, October). A robotics-based approach to foster programming skills and computational thinking: Pilot experience in the classroom of early childhood education. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (pp. 41-45), ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3284179.3284188
González, Y. A. C., y García-Valcárcel, A. (2020). ¿Aprender con robótica en Educación Primaria? Un medio de estimular el pensamiento computacional. Education in the knowledge society (EKS), 21(10). https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.22957
Grover, S. y Pea, R. (2013). Computational Thinking in K-12: A Review of the State of the Field. Educational Researcher, 42(1), 38–43. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12463051
Henriksen, D., Henderson, M., Creely, E, Ceretkova, S., Černochová, M., Sendova, E., Sointu, E. T., y Tienken, C. T. (2018). Creativity and Technology in Education: An International Perspective. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 23, 409-424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-018-9380-1
Hernández Sampieri, R., Fernández-Collado, C., y Baptista-Lucio. P. (2014). Metodología de la in-vestigación. McGraw-Hill Education.
Horn, M., y Bers, M. (2019). Tangible Computing. In The Cambridge Handbook of Computing Edu-cation Research (S.A. Fincher and A.V. Robins, Eds.), Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108654555.023
Kalelioğlu, F. (2015). A new way of teaching programming skills to K-12 students: Code.org. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 200-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.047
Karampinis, T. (2018). Robotics-based learning interventions and experiences from our implementations in the RobESL framework. International Journal of Smart Education and Urban Society, 9(1), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJSEUS.2018010102
Kucuk, S., y Sisman, B. (2017). Behavioral patterns of elementary students and teachers in one-to-one Robotics instruction. Computers & Education, 111, 31-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.04.002
Lee, I., Martin, F., y Apone, K. (2014). Integrating computational thinking across the K–8 curriculum. ACM Inroad, 5(4), 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1145/2684721.2684736
Liu H. P., Perera S. M., y Klein J. W. (2017) Using Model-Based Learning to Promote Computational Thinking Education. In P. Rich y C. Hodges (Eds.), Emerging Research, Practice, and Policy on Computational Thinking. Educational Communications and Technology: Issues and Innovations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52691-1_10
Metz, S. S. (2007). Attracting the engineering of 2020 today. In R. Burke y M. Mattis (Eds.), Women and minorities in science, technology, engineering and mathematics: Upping the numbers (184–209). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Merrill, M. D. (2009). First principles of instruction. In C. M. Reigeluth y A. A. Carr-Chellman (Eds.), Instructional-design theories and models: Building a common knowledge base (Vol. III), (41-56). Routledge.
Papert, S. (1980). Mindstorms: Children, computers, and powerful ideas. Basic Books.
Papadakis, S., Kalogiannakis, M., y Zaranis, N. (2016). Developing fundamental programming concepts and computational thinking with ScratchJr in preschool education: a case study. International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organization, 10(3), 187. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMLO.2016.077867
Ramírez, P. A. L., y Sosa, H. A. (2013). Aprendizaje de y con robótica, algunas experiencias. Revista Educación, 37(1), 43-63. https://doi.org/10.15517/revedu.v37i1.10628
Reigeluth, C. M. (2016). Teoría instruccional y tecnología para el nuevo paradigma de la educación. RED. Revista de Educación a Distancia, 50. https://doi.org/10.6018/red/50/1a
Relkin, E., y Bers, M. U. (2019). Designing an assessment of computational thinking abilities for young children. STEM for early childhood learners: how science, technology, engineering and mathematics strengthen learning. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429453755-5
Resnick, M., y Rosenbaum, E. (2013). Designing for tinkerability. Design, Make, Play: Growing the Next Generation of STEM Innovators, 163-181. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203108352
Santoya–Mendoza, A., Díaz–Mercado, A., Fontalvo–Caballero, F., Daza–Torres, L., Avendaño–Bermúdez, L., Sánchez–Noriega, L., Ramos–Bernal, P., Barrios–Martínez, E., López–Daza, M., Osorio–Cervantes, G., Rodríguez–Pertuz, M., y Moreno–Polo, V. (2018). Robótica educativa desde la investigación como estrategia
pedagógica apoyada en TIC en la escuela. Cultura. Educación y Sociedad 9(3), 699-708. https://doi.org/10.17981/cultedusoc.9.3.2018.82
Selby, C., y Woollard, J. (2013). Computational thinking: the developing definition. https://cutt.ly/vryITzu
Siu-Cheung, K. (2019). Components and Methods of Evaluating Computational Thinking for Fostering Creative Problem-Solvers in Senior Primary School Education. Computational thinking Education. NY: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6528-7_8
Strawhacker, A., y Bers, M. U. (2015). “I want my robot to look for food”: Comparing Kindergartner’s programming comprehension using tangible, graphic, and hybrid user interfaces. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 25(3), 293-319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-014-9287-7
Strawhacker, A., y Bers, M. U. (2019). Promoting Positive Technological Development in a Kinder-garten Makerspace: A Qualitative Case Study. European Journal of STEM Education, 3(3), 09. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/3869
Sullivan, A., y Bers, M. U. (2013). Gender differences in kindergarteners’ robotics and programming achievement. International journal of technology and design education, 23(3), 691-702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-012-9210-z
Sullivan, A., y Bers, M. U. (2016). Robotics in the early childhood classroom: learning outcomes from an 8-week robotics curriculum in pre-kindergarten through second grade. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 26(1), 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-015-9304-5
Sullivan, A., y Bers, M. U. (2018). Dancing robots: integrating art, music, and robotics in Singapo-re’s early childhood centers. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 28(2), 325-346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-017-9397-0
Sullivan, A., y Bers, M. U. (2019). Investigating the use of robotics to increase girls’ interest in engineering during early elementary school. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 29(5), 1033-1051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-018-9483-y
Sullivan, A., Bers, M. U., y Mihm, C. (2017). Imagining, playing, and coding with KIBO: using robotics to foster computational thinking in young children. Siu-cheung KONG The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 110.
Sullivan, A., Strawhacker, A., y Bers, M. U. (2017). Dancing, Drawing, and Dramatic Robots: Inte-grating Robotics and the Arts to Teach Foundational STEAM Concepts to Young Children. En M. S. Khine (Ed.), Robotics in STEM Education: Redesigning the Learning Experience (231-260). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57786-9_10
Szurmak, J., y Mindy, T. (2013). Tell me a story: The use of narrative as a tool for instruction. In Imagine, Innovate, Inspire: The Proceedings of the ACRL 2013 Conference (pp. 546-552). Indianapolis, IN, USA: ACRL.
Vee, A. (2013). Understanding computer programming as a literacy. Literacy in Composition Studies, 1(2), 42-64. https://doi.org/10.21623/1.1.2.4
Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3), 33-35. https://doi.org/10.1145/1118178.1118215
Zapata-Ros, M. (2015). Pensamiento computacional: Una nueva alfabetización digital. Red, 46, 1-47. https://doi.org/10.6018/red/45/4
Zapata-Ros, M. (2019). Computational Thinking Unplugged. Education in the Knowledge Society, 20, 18. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks2019_20_a18
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 RIED. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The articles that are published in this journal are subject to the following terms:
1. The authors grant the exploitation rights of the work accepted for publication to RIED, guarantee to the journal the right to be the first publication of research understaken and permit the journal to distribute the work published under the license indicated in point 2.
2. The articles are published in the electronic edition of the journal under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. You can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
3. Conditions for self-archiving. Authors are encouraged to disseminate electronically the OnlineFirst version (assessed version and accepted for publication) of its articles before publication, always with reference to its publication by RIED, favoring its circulation and dissemination earlier and with this a possible increase in its citation and reach among the academic community.
